Measurement Studies of Reordering in the Internet

• Measurement and Classification of Out-of-Sequence Packets in a Tier-1 IP Backbone. by Sharad Jaiswal, Gianluca Iannaccone, Christophe Diot, Jim Kurose, and Don Towsley. IMW2002
  "We present measurements and a classification of out-of-sequence packets in TCP connections within the Sprint IP backbone... The magnitude of reordering we report is much smaller than the results presented in previous works."

• IEPM's studies on packet reordering.
  "Roughly 25% of the hosts monitored exhibit reordering."

• Dmitri Loguinov and H. Radha, Measurement Study of Low-bitrate Internet Video Streaming, ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Workshop (IMW), November 2001.
  This paper gives the PDF of reordering distance from reordering events from a seven-month study of video traffic in the United States. "The average session reordering rates were very close to those in Paxson's 1995 data."

• Michael Laor and Lior Gendel, The Effect of Packet Reordering in a Backbone Link on Application Throughput, IEEE Network, September 2002.
  This is not a measurement study, but "the authors attempt to measure and quantify the effect of reordering packets in a backbone link", in terms of TCP throughput.